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December 2025 | #InvestInYou | ©Rosi-stock.adobe.com
Breaking down barriers

to integrate financial markets

The EU needs urgent investment in sectors like cleantech, energy, biotech and AI for better competitiveness and growth. Public funding isn’t enough. A unified capital market is needed to improve company financing and citizen investment options.

Currently, EU capital markets are underdeveloped and too fragmented.

  • Capitalisation

    Stock exchange capitalization at 73% of EU GDP (vs. 270% in the US and 130% in United Kingdom)

  • Investment funds

    Smaller investment fund sizes (5 times smaller than US funds)

  • Market infrastructure

    Over 300 stock exchanges

A more developed capital market could help bridge this gap and support EU economic growth.

Today, the EU is taking decisive steps to remove barriers that fragment EU capital markets.

  • In the trading area
    • Make it easier for trading venues to offer services across Member States.
    • Create a Pan-European Market Operator (PEMO) status for groups to operate in multiple countries under one license.
    • Simplify the membership process for brokers accessing multiple trading venues.
  • In the post-trading area
    • Decrease restrictions on issuers of securities by limiting extra requirements from Member States.
    • Simplify cross-border processes for central securities depository (CSD) services.
    • Increase access to financial instruments by enhancing connection among EU settlement systems.
  • Asset management
    • Make it easier for investment funds to enter the single market by removing barriers, simplifying passporting and harmonising rules.
    • Improve asset manager operations by harmonising rules.
    • Promote convergence for supervision in the asset management sector.
  • Innovation
    • Relaxing limits on distributed ledger technology (DLT) to encourage innovation in the financial sector, ensuring regulations are adaptable and supportive of these technologies.
  • Simplification
    • Convert Directives to Regulations for more uniform rules across the EU.
    • Simplify law-making by reducing excess national discretion and overlapping oversight.
  • Supervision
    • Enhance supervision by assigning ESMA direct oversight of significant market infrastructures and crypto service providers.
    • Improve regulatory consistency and strengthen ESMA's decision-making with a new Executive Board.

Print version

  • General publications
  • 4 December 2025
Factsheet: Breaking down barriers to integrate financial markets